The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.